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<title>Competency-based learning</title>

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Competency-based learning

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Competency-based learning or competency-based education is a framework for teaching and assessment of learning. It is also described as a type of <a href="Education" title="Education">education</a> based on predetermined "competencies," which focuses on outcomes and real-world performance.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Competency-based learning is sometimes presented as an alternative to <a href="Grading_in_education" title="Grading in education">traditional methods of assessment</a> in education.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2></div>

In a competency-based education framework, students demonstrate their learned knowledge and skills in order to achieve specific predetermined "competencies."<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The set of competencies for a specific <a href="Course_(education)" title="Course (education)">course</a> or at a specific educational institution is sometimes referred to as the <a href="Competency_architecture" title="Competency architecture">competency architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Students are generally assessed in various competencies at various points during a course, and usually have the opportunity to attempt a given competency multiple times and receive continuous feedback from instructors.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

Key concepts that make up the competency-based education framework include demonstrated <a href="Mastery_learning" title="Mastery learning">mastery</a> of a competency, meaningful types of assessment, individualized support for students, and the creation and application of knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodology">Methodology</h2></div>

In a competency-based learning model, the instructor is required to identify specific learning outcomes in terms of behavior and performance, including the appropriate criterion level to be used in evaluating achievement.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Experiential learning is also an underpinning concept; competency-based learning is learner‑focused and often learner-directed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

The methodology of competency-based learning recognizes that learners tend to find some individual skills or competencies more difficult than others. For this reason, the learning process generally allows different students to move at varying paces within a course.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Additionally, where many traditional learning methods use <a href="Summative_assessment" title="Summative assessment">summative testing</a>, competency-based learning focuses on student mastery of individual learning outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Students and instructors can dynamically revise instruction strategies and based on student performance in specific competencies.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

What it means to have mastered a competency depends on the subject matter and instructor criteria. In abstract learning, such as <a href="Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, the learner may only have to demonstrate that they can identify an appropriate formula with some degree of reliability; in a subject matter that could affect safety, such as <a href="Driving" title="Driving">operating a vehicle</a>, an instructor may require a more thorough demonstration of mastery.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<a href="Western_Governors_University" title="Western Governors University">Western Governors University</a> has used a competency-based model of education since it was chartered in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

The <a href="Mastery_Transcript_Consortium" title="Mastery Transcript Consortium">Mastery Transcript Consortium</a> is a group of <a href="State_school" title="State school">public</a> and <a href="Independent_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school">private</a> <a href="Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a> which are working to utilize competency-based learning as part of their effort to create a new type of secondary school <a href="Transcript_(education)" title="Transcript (education)">transcript</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Competency-based_recruitment" title="Competency-based recruitment">Competency-based recruitment</a> – Process of recruitment</li>

<li><a href="Evidence-based_education" title="Evidence-based education">Evidence-based education</a> – Paradigm of the education field</li>

<li><a href="Mastery_learning" title="Mastery learning">Mastery learning</a> – Instructional strategy and educational philosophy</li>

<li><a href="Learning_management_system" title="Learning management system">Learning management system</a> – Educational software application</li>

<li><a href="Mastery_Transcript_Consortium" title="Mastery Transcript Consortium">Mastery Transcript Consortium</a> – Working consortium of public and private secondary schools</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLytrasPablosAvisonSipior2010" class="citation book cs1">Lytras, Miltiadis D.; Pablos, Patricia Ordonez De; Avison, David; Sipior, Janice; Jin, Qun; Filho, Walter Leal; Uden, Lorna; Thomas, Michael; Cervai, Sara (2010). Technology Enhanced Learning: Quality of Teaching and Educational Reform: 1st International Conference, TECH-EDUCATION 2010, Athens, Greece, May 19-21, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 504. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-642-13165-3</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teachthought.com/learning/what-is-competency-based-learning/">"What Is Competency-Based Learning?"</a>. TeachThought. 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2020-11-08.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edglossary.org/competency-based-learning/">"Competency-Based Learning Definition"</a>. The Glossary of Education Reform. 2014-01-28. Retrieved 2020-11-08.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalonlineacademy.org/insights/articles/seven-building-blocks-of-a-competency-based-classroom">"Seven Building Blocks of a Competency-Based Classroom"</a>. GOA. Retrieved 2020-11-08.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aurora-institute.org/our-work/competencyworks/competency-based-education/">"Competency-Based Education"</a>. Aurora Institute. Retrieved 2020-11-08.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punahou.edu/academics/the-punahou-journey/competency-based-learning">"Competency-Based Learning | Punahou School"</a>. www.punahou.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-08.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFSturgisCasey2018" class="citation book cs1">Sturgis, Chris; Casey, Katherine (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aurora-institute.org/wp-content/uploads/Quality-Principles-Book.pdf">Quality Principles for Competency-Based Education</a> (PDF). Vienna, VA: iNACOL. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-692-17514-9</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLattucaStark2011" class="citation book cs1">Lattuca, Lisa R.; Stark, Joan S. (2011). Shaping the College Curriculum: Academic Plans in Context. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-118-04720-0</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKolb2014" class="citation book cs1">Kolb, David A. (2014). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development, Second Edition. Upper Saddle, NJ: FT Press. p. 17. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-13-389240-6</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGervais2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gervais, J. (2016). "The operational definition of competency-based education". The Journal of Competency-Based Education. 1 (2): 98–106. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcbe2.1011">10.1002/cbe2.1011</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edsurge.com/news/2017-05-22-new-to-competency-based-learning-here-re-five-ways-to-assess-it">"New to Competency-Based Learning? Here're Five Ways to Assess It - EdSurge News"</a>. EdSurge. 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2020-11-09.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gettingsmart.com/2015/07/from-formative-assessment-to-tracking-student-mastery-the-road-to-competency-based-instruction/">"From Formative Assessment to Tracking Student Mastery: The Road to Competency-Based Instruction"</a>. www.gettingsmart.com. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 2020-11-09.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHallJones1976" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Gene E.; Jones, Howard L. (1976). Competency-based Education: A Process for the Improvement of Education. Prentice-Hall. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0131548646</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBurke1989" class="citation book cs1">Burke, John W. (1989). Competency-Based Education and Training: Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0850006279</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wgu.edu/why_WGU/competency_based_approach">"Competency Based Education – WGU"</a>. Western Governors University.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFArk" class="citation web cs1">Ark, Tom Vander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2020/02/07/helping-grads-tell-their-story-the-case-for-extended-transcripts/">"Helping Grads Tell Their Story: The Case For Extended Transcripts"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved 2020-11-09.</cite>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRivenbarkJacobson2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rivenbark, William C.; Jacobson, Willow S. (2014). "Three Principles of Competency-Based Learning: Mission, Mission, Mission". Journal of Public Affairs Education. 20 (2): 181–192. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15236803.2014.12001781">10.1080/15236803.2014.12001781</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24369723">24369723</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158540996">158540996</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBaughmanBrummMickelson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Baughman, Jacqulyn A.; Brumm, Thomas J.; Mickelson, Steven K. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1665&context=abe_eng_pubs">"Student Professional Development: Competency-Based Learning and Assessment"</a>. The Journal of Technology Studies. 38 (1/2): 115–127. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21061%2Fjots.v38i2.a.6">10.21061/jots.v38i2.a.6</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43604687">43604687</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBurnsKlingstedt1972" class="citation journal cs1">Burns, Richard W.; Klingstedt, Joe Lars (1972). "Introduction to Competency-Based Education". Educational Technology. 12 (11): 9–10. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44419593">44419593</a>.</cite></li></ul>

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